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Thursday, January 5, 2012

Numerals and Counting


Numerals and Counting
    Rudiments of Japanese counting : Native Japanese counting system
            Hitotsu     one                                    muttsu               six
            Futatsu    two                                     nanatsu             seven
            Mittsu      Three                                 yattsu                eight
            Yottsu      four                                    kokonotsu         nine
            Itsutsu      five                                    too                     ten


   Chinese Counting system  
   rei                       zero    
   ichi                     one                          
   ni                        two                         
   san                     three                       
   shi / yon             four                            
   go                      five                         
   roku                   six            
  shichi / nana      seven
 hachi                  eight
 kyuu                   nine       
 juu                      ten                         
juuichi                 eleven                   
juuni                    twelve                     yonjuu                forty           
juusan                 thirteen                   yonjuu-ichi         forty one    
juushi , etc,         fourteen , etc.         guu/ gojuu         fifty            
nijuu                    twenty                     gojuu-ichi           fifty one                 
nijuuichi              twenty one              hyaku                 one hundred                      
nijuuni                 twenty two              nihyaku              two hundred
nijuusan              twenty three           sen                     one thousand
nijuushi               twenty four              juuman               one hundred thousand       
nijuugo, etc.       twenty five, etc.  
sanju                   thirty
sanjuu-ichi,        thirty one    



 Numeral Classifiers / Counters
    1.  nin – for persons                                    9.  dai – for vehicles
    2.  wa – for birds                                       10.  ken – for houses and buildings
    3.  hiki – for animals and fish                     11. choo – for things with handles
    4.  hon – for long or cylindrical objects      12.  soku – for things worn on feet, pairs of footwears
    5.  hai – for cupfuls, containerful                13.  soo – for ships or boats
    6.  mai – for flat things                                14.  kai – for number of times, classifier for floors or storeys   
    7.  tsu – for pairs                                         15.  ko – for bundles, parcels
    8.  en – suffix for Japanese money


  Days of the week :
   1.  Nichiyoobi – Sunday                5.  Mokuyoobi – Thursday
   2.  Getsuyoobi – Monday              6.  Kinyoobi – Friday
   3.  Kayoobi – Tuesday                  7.  Doyoobi – Saturday
   4.  Suiyoobi – Wednesday    


  Months of the Year :
1.  ichigatsu – January         7.  shichigatsu – July                        
2.  nigatsu – February          8.  hachigatsu – August                 
3.  sangatsu – March           9.  kugatsu – September         
4.  shigatsu – April             10.  juugatsu – October             
5.  gogatsu – May               11.  juuicjigatsu – November
6.  rokugatsu – June           12.  juunigatsu – December

  Counting People
   1.  hitori – one                  6.  rokunin – six                    
   2.  futari – two                  7.  sichinin – seven 
   3.  sannin – three             8.  hachinin – eight                     
   4.  yunin – four                  9.  kyuunin – nine
   5.  gonin – five                10.  juunin – ten

   Counting in multiples of ten
   10 – juu                        60 – rokujuu                 
   20 – nijuu                     70 – nanajuu                      
   30 – sanjuu                  80 – hachijuu     
   40 – yonjuu                  90 – kyuujuu
   50 – gojuu                  100 – hyaku

 Counting in multiples of one hundred
   100 – hyaku                    600 – roppyhaku                       
   200 – nihyaku                 700 – nanahyaku 
   300 – sanhyaku              800 – happyaku
   400 – yonhyaku              900 – kyuuhyaku
   500– gohyaku                1000 – sen

 Counting in multiples of  one thousand
 1,000 – sen                           8,000 – hassen 
 2,000 – nisen                        9,000 – kyuusen           
 3,000 – sanzen                   10,000 – ichiman               
 4,000 – yonsen                 100,000 – juuman                                           
 5,000– gosen                   1,000,000 – hyakuman 
 6,000 – rokusen               10,000,000 – senman   
 7,000 – nanasen              100,000,000 – ichioku

 How to tell the time ?
1.  ichiji – 1 o’clock                    7.  shichiji – 7 o’clock     
2.  niji    2 o’clock                     8.  hachiji – 8 o’clock     
3.  sanji – 3 o’clock                    9.  kuji – 9 o’clock          
4.  yoji – 4 o’clock                    10.  juuji – 10 o’clock
5.  goji – 5 o’clock                    11.  juuichiji – 11 o’clock
6.  rokuji – 6 o’clock                 12.  juuniji – 12 o’clock

 “ji” – means o’clock  and  “nanji”  means  what time?   
 
  Counter for number of minutes :

   “fun” or  “pun”  is the numeral classifier for minute and “nanpun” means “how many minutes”

    1.  ippun  – 1 minute                          11.  juugofun – 15 minutes              
    2.  nifun    2 minutes                        12.  nijuppun – 20 minutes              
    3.  sanpun – 3 minutes                     13.  nijuugofun – 25 minutes                   
    4.  yonfun – 4 minutes                       14.  sanjuppun – 30 minutes               
    5.  gofun    5 minutes,                      15.  sanjuugofun – 35 minutes                          
    6.  roppun – 6 minutes                      16.  yojuppun – 40 minutes              
    7.  nanafun – 7 minutes                     17.  yonjuugofun – 45 minutes
    8.  happun – 8 minutes                      18.  gojuppun – 50 minutes
    9.  kyuufun – 9 minutes                      19.  gojuugofun – 55 minutes
  10.  juppun – 10 minutes                     20.  rokujuppun – 60 minutes
 
 
  Examples :
   8:15 – hachiji juugofun                   3:35 – sanji sanjuugofun
 10:20 – juuji nijuppun                       2:25 – niji nijuugofun
 11:45 – juuichiji yonjuugofun           1:30 – ichiji han            
 12:10 – juuniji juppun                       5:30 – goji han
   9:10 – kuji juppun                           4:30 – yoji han

5 minutes before three – sanji gofun mae         
10 minutes before 12    juuniji juppun mae     
15 minutes before 10    juuji juugofun mae      
 It’s 5 minutes advanced  –  gofun susundeimasu
 It’s 10 minutes advanced – juppun susundeimasu
 It’s 20 minutes advanced – Nijuppun susundeimasu

 5 minutes past 9    kuji gofun sungi.             
 It’s 5 minutes late. – gofun okureteimasu.
10 minutes past 12 – juuniji juppun sugi.        
It’s 10 minutes late. – juppun okureteimasu. 

 NOTE :
susudeimasu – means “It’s  advanced”.
okurete – means “it’s late”    
  7:30 AM     gozen shichiji han             4:30 PM    gogo yoji han      
11:30 AM – gozen juuichiji han                5:30 PM    gogo goji han 
   from 8:00 to 5:00      hachiji kara goji made
   from 10:30 in the morning to 9:00 in the evening      asa juuji han kara yoru kuji made

  Dialogue ( taiwa )
    I.    A :  Ima nanji desu ka.                           What time is it now ?
          B :  Rokuji desu.                                     It’s six o’clock.
          A :  Nihon wa ima nanji desu ka           What time is it now in Japan ?
          B :  Kuji desu.                                         It’s nine o’clock.
          A.:  Gogo kuji desu ka.                          Is it 9 PM ?
          B :  Hai, soo desu.                                 Yes it is. 

 Dialogue II  
        A :  Sumimasen, nanji desu ka ?    Excuse me, what time is it ?
        B :  Yoji nijuupun desu.                     It’s  four twenty.
        A. :  Arigatoo gozaimasu.               Thank you.
        B :  Doo itashimashite.                    You’re welcome.

Days of the Month   
 tsuitachi – 1st day                    juushichinichi – 17th day                            
 futsuka – 2nd day                      juuhachinichi – 18th day                                     
 mikka – 3rd day                        juukunichi – 19th day                        
 yokka – 4th day                         hatsuka – 20th day                                
 itsuka – 5th day                         nijuuichinichi – 21st day                                    
 muika – 6th day                         nijuuninichi – 22nd day                       
 nanoka – 7th day                       nijuusannichi – 23rd day
 yooka – 8th day                         nijuuyokka – 24th day
 kokonoka – 9th day                   nijuugonichi – 25th day
 tooka – 10th day                        nijuurokunichi – 26th day
 juuichinichi – 11th day               nijuushichinichi – 27th day
 juuninichi – 12th day                  nijuuhachinichi – 28th day
 juusannichi – 13th day               nijuukunichi – 29th day
 juuyokka – 14th day                   sanjuunichi – 30th day
 juugonichi – 15th day                 sanjuuichinichi – 31st day
 juurokunichi – 16th day           
                           


Vocabulary words :
 takusan –  many, a lot, plenty                   mise – store; shop
 ten–in      sales clerk                               nannin – how many ( persons )
 peso – peso                                              Ikura – how much
 doru – dollar                                              kippu – ticket
 sangurasu – sunglasses                          tamago – egg
 koohii – coffee                                          Nihon ryoori – Japanese food
 ocha – green tea                                      Chuuka ryoori – Chinese food
 koocha – black tea                                   Firipin ryoori – Filipino food
 miruku – milk                                            Kankoku ryoori – Korean food
 koora – coke                                            Kaisen ryoori – seafoods
 biiru – beer                                               ebi – fish
 pan – bread                                              sakana – fish
 gohan – rice ( cooked )                           yasai – vegetables
 mizu – water                                             niku – meat
 juusu – juice                                              ima – now
 choodo – exactly ; just                             asa – morning
 yoru – night; evening                               mae – before
 kara – from                                              sugi – past
 made – until ;  up to                                han – half past
 susundeimasu – advanced/ be too fast       ji – o’clock
 okureteimasu – late / be too slow           pun/ fun – minute
 hiru – afternoon                                         tokei – watch; clock
 shoogo – noon                                          atteimasu – right; keep good time 
 kinoo – yesterday                                     kyoo – today
 ashita – tomorrow                                    yuube – last night
 konban – tonight                                       ototoi – the day before yesterday
 asatte – the day after tomorrow              mainichi – everyday
 tokidoki – sometimes                              kongetsu – this month
 sengetsu – last month                              raigetsu – next month
 konshuu – this week                                 senshuu – last week
 raishuu – next week                                  kotoshi – this month
 kyonen – last year                                     rainen – next year
 nin – numeral classifier for persons. It is added to the Chinese-style numerals.
 ikutsu – how many ( inquire about the number of things); 
               how old ( inquire about somebody’s age )

   Sentences :
1.  Anata wa nani o nomimasu ka.            What do you drink ?
2.  Watashi wa koocha o nomimasu.        I drink tea.
3.  Anata wa biiru o nomimasu ka.            Do you drink beer ?
4.  Hai, biiru o nomimasu.                          Yes, I drink beer.
5.  Anata wa doo desu ka.                         How about you ?
6.  Watashi mo biiru o nomimasu.             I drink beer, too.
7.  I eat Japanese food.                             Watashi wa Nihon ryoori o tabemasu.
8.  She doesn’t eat Chinese food.            Kanojo wa Chuuka ryoori o tabemasen.