Physics with JAVA APPLETS

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Physics E 101 Lesson 2 : Vector and Scalar Quantities

To find the resultant of vectors click the following site :

Vectors

For an Online Graphing Calculator, click the following site :
( useful in Mathematics for drawing graphs )

Math Graph

Language 102 Vocabulary 1

Vocabulary words :                                   Country                                People

            hata – flag                               Doitsu – Germany                  Doitsujin – German

            hako – box                              Kanada –  Canada                  Kanada jin – Canadian

            neko – cat                               Chugoku – China                    Chugoku jin – Chinese

            uchi / ie – house                      Indo – India                             Indojin – Indian

                                                            Roshia – Russia                      Roshiajin – Russian

 The Parts of the body :

            karada – body                         koshi – hips                             atama – head                         

            ude – arms                              kao – face                               ke – hair

            hana – nose                            te – hands                               kuchi – mouth

            hiza – knees                            hoho – cheeks                        kubi – neck

            hitai – forehead                       tekubi – wrist                           me – eyes

            ashi – legs ( foot )                   ago – chin                               kata – shoulders

            mimi – ears                             kuchibiro – lips                         hifu – skin 

            senaka – back                        hige – beard                            wakinoshita – armpit

            mayuge – eyebrow                 shita – tongue                         mune – chest

            kakato – heels                         hara – stomach                       yubi – fingers

            ha – tooth                                chi – blood                               hone – bone

            iki – breath                              tsume – fingernails                  noo – brain

            shinzoo – heart                      hai – lung                                 chichi – breast

STUDY OF THE FIVE W’s

        Who, what, where, when and why or the 5 W’s in the English language are used in asking questions. The same principles and uses in asking questions in Nihongo and the ka is used in place of a question mark.

           1.  dare – who                         3.  doko – where               5.  doshite / naze – why

           2.  nani ( nan ) – what             4.  itsu – when

  Examples :   

         1.  Dare desu ka or donata desu ka.          Who are you ? ( donata more polite than dare.

         2.  Nan desu ka.                                          What is it ?

         3.  Nani ga arimasu ka.                               What is there or What have you ?

         4.  Doko desu ka.                                        Where is it ?

         5.  Kare / Kanojo wa doko ni imasu ka.       Where is he / she ?

          6.  Doshite kimasu ka.                                Why do you come ?

          7.  Itsu kimasu ka / itsu ikimasu ka.            When do you come ? / When do you go ?

  Exercises :

     1.  Hon wa doko ni imasu ka.                       Where are the book ?

     2.  Ano hito wa dare desu ka.                     Who is that man ?

     3.  Anata wa doko ni ikimasu ka.                 Where are you going ?

     4.  Kutsu wa doko ni arimasu ka.                Where are the shoes ?

     5.  Kami wa doko ni arimasu ka.                  Where is the paper ?

     6.  Ringo wa doko ni imasu ka.                    Where are the apples ?

     7.  Kaban wa doko ni imasu ka.                   Where is the bag ?

  New words :

 1.  kago – basket         7.  heya – room                   13.  omoi – heavy

 2.  hako – box              8.  ringo – apple                  14.  nimots’(nimotsu) – baggage, luggage

 3.  mado – window     9.  mikan – orange              15.  kaban – bag, brief case, traveling bag 

 4.  mizu – water         10. donata  no – whose       16.  ts’tsumi ( tsutsumi ) – a package, a bundle

 5.  kutsu – shoes        11. okii – large, big               17.  shobai – business, trade, profession

 6.  ki – tree                  12.  chisaii – small, tiny       18.  karui – light ( in weight )

Lesson 3 :    PERSONAL PRONOUNS

  Singular form                         Plural form

  1.  watashi  –  I               watakushidomo / watashi tachi   –  we

  2.  anata      –  you          anata tachi / anata gata               –   you

  3.  kare        –  he            karera                                          –   they

       kanojo     –  she          kanojo tachi                                 –   they

Possessive pronouns :  Use  no  to show possession after the personal pronouns :

    watashi no  –  my          watashi tachi no                         –  our

    anata no      –  your        anata tachi no/ anata gata no    –  your

    kare no        –  his           karera no                                   –  their

    kanojo no    –  her           kanojo tachi no                           –  their

  Note:

      1.  “tachi” or “ra” means plural in number.

      2.  “karera” is used when referring to a group composed of males and females. “karera” being the plural male form of “he” ( they ) naturally dominate and encompasses “kanojo” ( they for females ).

 Vocabulary words 

    hoteru – hotel                         shumi – hobby                        kuruma – car

    sekken – soap                        zasshi – magazine                 shimbun – newspaper

    byooin – hospital                    tomodachi – friend                  kabe – wall

    kaisha – company, office        eiga – movie                          hankachi – handkerchief

    tokei – watch                          saifu – wallet                         kaaten – curtain

    doa – door                              kuuraa – air conditioner   

  Examples :  “no”  used as possessive adjective

  1.  Kore wa anata no sekken desu.                This is your soap.

  2.  Are wa watashi no ie desu.                        That is my house.

  3.  Kore wa kare no kuruma desu.                 This is his car.

  4.  Kore wa Tanaka san no kaban desu.        This is Mr. Tanaka’s bag.

  5.  Anata no shumi wa nan desu ka.              What is your hobby?

“no”  used as descriptive adjective

   6.  Kore wa Nihon no kuruma desu.               This is a Japanese car.

   7.  Tani san wa eigo no sensei desu.             Mr. Tani is an English teacher.

   8.  Are wa Amerika no eiga desu ka.             Is that an American movie ?

    

     Note :  The particle “no” placed between two nouns usually makes the first noun the modifier of the second noun. Thus, “watashi no tomodachi” means my friend. This no usually corresponds to “of” or ‘s.

            Anata no tomodachi – your friend.                              Sato-san no kuruma – Mr. sato’s car

            Watashi tachi no shimbun – our newspaper               watashi no tokei – my watch

   

 Common occupations

    kaikei-gakari – accountant         ginkoo-in – bank employee               ten-in – sales clerk

    eiyooshi – nutritionist                 kaisha-in – company employee        shachoo – company president

    gaikookan – diplomat                 isha – doctor                                     ha-isha – dentist

    kangofu – nurse                        taishikan-in – embassy employee     gishi – engineer

    jaanarisuto – journalist              untenshu – driver                              shufu – housewife

    bengoshi – lawyer                    iyayu – actress                                  ongakuka – musician

    danyu – actor                            jimu-in – office worker/ clerk            kookanshu – operator (telephone)

    gaka – painter                            keikan – policeman                            koomu-in – public servant

    bijinesuman – businessman       scholar – gakusha                            gakusei – student

    sakka – writer                            hisho – secretary                             kankoo gaido – tour guide

    gaadoman – security guard       uketsukegakari – receptionist          sensei / kyoshi – teacher

     sojiin – cleaner (janitor)               keeji – detective                             yosaichi – dressmaker

     sejyusi – pilot                               syomin – merchant                        jitsugyoka – businessman

     roodoosha – worker/ laborer      hooka – farmer                              taiku – carpenter

     bobi – waiter                                kasyu – singer                              jugjoin – employee

     gyohu – fisherman                       romusya – laborer                        bengoshi – lawyer

     syosetsuka – novelist                  shimbunkisya – journalist             daijin – minister

     kikaiko – mechanic

Languages: 

   Go – means language. It  is used as a suffix in one’s country denoting his / her native language.

            Chuugokugo – Chinese language                  Nihongo – Japanese language

            Firipingo – Filipino language                           Eigo – English language

            Kankokugo – Korean language                      Supeingo – Spanish language

            Doitsugo – German language                         Indogo – Indian language

            Taigo – Thai language                                    Gaikokugo – Foreign language

   Expression to tell how one looks like :

              1.  mitai desu  –  look (s) like                2.  ni miemasen – do (es) not look alike

  Example : 1.  Anata wa Nihonjin mitai desu.           You look like a Japanese.

                  2.  Anata wa Doitsujin ni miemasen.       You don’t look like a German.

 Basic grammar : 

           1.  Anata wa Kato san desu ka.    Are you Mr. Kato ?

           2.  Hai, soo desu.                           Yes, I am.

           3.  Kore wa saifu desu ka.             Is this a wallet ?

           4.  Iie, chigaimasu.                         No, it isn’t.

           5.  Are wa sekken desu ka.           Is that a soap ?

           6.  Hai, soo desu.                           Yes, it is.

           7.  Kore wa nan desu ka.               What is this ?

           8.  Kore wa hon desu ka.               Is this a book 

           9.  Iie, chigaimasu.                         No, it isn’t.

          10. Kore isu desu ka.                       Is this a chair ?

          11. Hai, soo desu.                            Yes, it is.

          12. Are wa isu desu ka.                   Is that a chair ?

          13. Iie, chigaimasu.                          No, it isn’t.

          14.  Kore wa mado desu ka.            Is this a window ?

          15.  Iie, sore wa doa desu.               No, that is a door.

Note :

            “Hai soo desu”, is use to affirm a statement said by the other party. This is used in reply 

     only to a “be – verb”. For instance, an American is ask “Amerikajin desu ka.”  The American 

     can affirm by answering “Hai, soo desu” or “Iie, chigaimasu” to deny the truth of a statement 

     said by another person.  Literally, “Iie, chigaimasu” means  “No, its different”.

   Daily Expressions :

      1.  Shitsurei shimasu. / Sumimasen              Excuse me.

      2.  Gomen nasai. / Sumimasen deshita         I’m sorry.

      3.  Ojama itaashimasu.                                   Sorry to disturb you.

      4.  Ojama itashimashita.                                 Sorry to have disturbed you.

      5.  Doozo ohaire kudasai.                               Please come in. 

      6.  Doozo okake kudasai.                               Please sit down. 

      7.  Arigatoo gozaimasu.  .                              Thank you. 
      8.  Doo itashimashite. .                                   Don’t mention it.

      9.  Chotto matte kudasai.                                Wait a moment please.

    10.  Koko de matte ite kudasai.                       Wait here till I get back.

    11.  Omatase itashimashita.                            I am sorry to have kept you waiting.

    12.  Sonomama omachi kudasai.                   Hold your line please.

    13.  Hanashichuu desu.                                 Line is busy.

    14.  Sayoonara.                                             Good bye.  

    15.  Oyasumi nasai.                                       Goodnight

    16.  Itte mairimasu.                                         I’m going out  or  I’m leaving.

    17.  Itte rasshai.                                             Good bye, have a nice time.

    18.  Tadaima.                                                 I am back.

    19.  Okaeri nasai.                                          Welcome back.    

Tape Lesson Language 102

              1 :  DESU ( des’ )

Lesson

  1.  Kore wa hon desu.                                   This is a book.

  2.  Sore wa hon desu ka.                               Is that a book ?

            Hai, sō desu                                       Yes, it is.

            Iie, sō dewa arimasen.                         No, it isn’t.

  3.  Kore wa hon dewa arimasen.                    This isn’t a book.

  4.  Kore wa hon dewa arimasen ka.                Isn’t  this a book ?

  5.  Are mo hon desu ka.                                Is that also a book ?

  6.  Kore wa nan desu ka.                              What is this ?

       ( Sore wa ) Nōto desu.                               ( That is ) a notebook.

  7.  Kore wa hon desu ka, nōto desu ka.         Is this a book or a notebook ?

        ( Sore wa ) hon desu.                                ( That is ) a book.

  8.  Kore wa watashi no hon desu.                 This is my book.

  9.  Sore wa anata no nõto desu ka.                Is that your notebook ?

10.  Kore wa dare no nõto desu ka.                 Whose notebook is this ?

 ( Sore wa ) Tanaka san no ( nōto ) desu.             ( That is ) Mr. Tanaka’s ( notebook )

11.  Dore ga watashi no ( nōto ) desu.              Which is mine ? ( my notebook )

12.  Kore wa hon de sore wa jisho desu.             This is a book, and that is a dictionary.

13.  Kyō wa getsuyōbi de ashita wa kayōbi desu.   Today is Monday, and tomorrow is Tuesday.

14.  Kyō wa shogoto de ashita wa yasumi desu.     Today is working day, and tomorrow is a holiday..

Grammar :

   Kore  - -  This                          

   Sore  - -  That                           

  Are    - -  That  over there          

  Dore  - -  Which         
              

       Note:  This are demonstratives in Japanese and are always followed

 by subject particle ‘wa’ ( in case of interrogative demonstrative,

 always ‘ga’ ). Their use depends on the distance of the
 object from the speaker  



   Desu  - -   is,  are       

  Note :   It is the copula and always used at the end of a sentence after a

         noun or adjective. Negative form of ‘desu’ is dewa arimasen. 

        Two sentences ending with noun + ‘desu’  are joined by converting

        ‘desu’ into ‘de’.

       

PARTICLES  wa / ga  ( all particles in Japanese are post positional )

            These are subject particles and each subject in a sentence must be followed  by ‘wa’  
( ‘ga’ is used for more emphasis as in case of interrogative words as subject ).

  mo  - - also, too. “mo”  replaces subject particle ‘wa’ or ‘ga’.  “mo” is a particle which adds the 
             sense of also, too. Unlike the English word too, “mo” is not added but takes the place of  “wa”as in the   following

             sentences :   

 1.  Kono hito wa gakusei  desu.                       This person is a student.

      Kono hito mo gakusei desu.                        This person is also a student. 

 2.   Ogawa san wa Nihongo no sensei desu.      Mr. Ogawa is a Japanese language teacher.

      Yataki-san mo Nihongo no sensei desu.        Mr. Yataki is also a Japanese language teacher.

“mo”  is also used in a negative sentence as in the following sentences :

     1.  Kore wa jibiki dewa arimasen.        This is not a dictionary.

         Sore mo jibiki dewa arimasen.         That is not a dictionary either.

2.  Yamada san wa koomuin dewa arimasen.  Miss Yamada is not a government employee.

 Ikeda san mo koomuin dewa arimasen.                      Miss Ikeda is not a government  employee either.

 no  - -  ‘s  ( possessive )     No is used between 2 nouns where the former modifies the latter, i. e.

            watashi no ( mine ) dare no ( whose ). Noun following ‘no’ may be dropped if the object in 

            question is in front of the speaker and listener or known by both.

ka  - -  interrogative particle. An interrogative sentence must end in ‘ka’.

Try the following replacements using the word inside the parenthesis :

   1.  Kore wa  _________________  desu ka.    

                     ( kamera / isu / kaban )

            Hai sō desu. /  Iie sõ dewa arimasen.             

   2.  Sore wa _____________________________ no kaban desu ka.     

                     ( anata / watashi / Suzuki san / dare )

   3.  Are wa nan desu ka.  ________________________  desu.   

                                       ( tokei / kaban / jisho / shinbun )

4. Kore wa _______________ desu ka, ___________ desu ka.

                        hon / jisho

                        empitsu / pen

                        shinbun / zasshi

Other demonstratives :

   A.  Koko ( wa ) -  this place

        Soko ( wa )  -  that place

        Asoko  ( wa ) - that place (over there)   

        Doko ( ga )  -  where ( which place

 Note : This set of demonstratives is exclusively used for place and their application

  is same a ‘kore’  ‘sore’ ‘are’ ‘dore’, except that the noun used is also invariably

  related to a place.

   Examples :

      1.  Koko wa jimusho desu.                 This is an ( the) office.

      2.  Soko wa toire desu.                       That is the toilet.

      3.  Asoko wa nan desu ka                   What is that place ?

      4.  Doko ga Sony no mise desu ka.     Where is Sony’s shop ?                      

                                                           

  B.  Kochira  – This way, this side

       Sochira  –  That way, that side

       Achira   –  There,  over there

       Dochira  – Where, which side     

Note : This set of demonstratives is primarily used for direction and their application

is the same as a above mentioned two sets of demonstratives. This set has wider

application such as it can be used in place of ‘koko’ , ‘soko’, ‘asoko’, ‘doko’, but in

such a case this set is more polite, and it can be used for introducing a person

pointing towards the direction he/ she is sitting or standing or when asking or showing

 the direction to a senior person. 

 Examples :

     1.  Toire wa dochira desu ka.            Where is the toilet ? ( this side/ that side )

            Achira desu                              Over there.

            ( kochira / achira )                    ( this side / that side. )

     2.  Kochira wa Yamada san desu.     This side is Mr. Yamada.

            ( kochira / achira )                    ( that side / overthere )

     3.   kono  –  this

           Sono   –  that

          Ano    –  that one overthere                  

          Dono  –  Which one     

 

Note  :   This set of demonstratives has exactly same meaning as ‘kore’, ‘sore’, ‘are’,

‘dore’ except that this set much be followed by a noun then the particle ‘wa’ or ‘ga’

as the case maybe.

 Examples :

1.  Kono hon wa watashi no ( hon ) desu.           This book is mine. ( my book )

2.  Sono kaban wa dare no ( kaban ) desu ka.      Whose bag is that ?

3.  Ano uchi wa Yamada san no (uchi) desu ka.   Is that house over there Mr.Yamada’s (house)? 

4.  Dono kasa ga anata no (kasa desu ka.            Which one is your umbrella ?

  Vocabulary  words :

 ( Tanaka san no )  uchi    –    Mr. Tanaka’s house

 anata          –    you                             kyōshitsu     –    class room

 bōrupen      –    ball point pen               māketto       –    market

 basutei        –    bus stop                     nōto             –    notebook

 dare            –    who                           nan              –    what

 denwa         –   telephone                     pen              –    pen

 depāto         –   department store          resutoran     –    restaurant

 eki               –   station                        sō                –    so

 empitsu         –   pencil                       sūpā             –    supermarket

 hai               –   yes                            san               –    Mr. ,  Ms.

 hon              –   book                          senpūki        –    fan

 iie                –   no                              shinbun        –    newspaper

 isu               –   chair                           tabako          –    cigarette

 jisho            –   dictionary                    terebi            –    T.V.

 kūkō            –   airport                        tokei             –    watch, clock

 kaban           –   bag                            tokeiya         –    watchmaker

 kaisha          –   company                    tokoya          –    barber

 kamera        –   camera                       tsukue           –    table, desk

 kuruma       –   car                              uketsuke       –    reception

 uriba           –   counter                       watashi         –    I

 yaoya          –   vegetable store             zasshi            –    magazine