1 : DESU ( des’ )
Lesson
1. Kore wa hon desu. This is a book.
2. Sore wa hon desu ka. Is that a book ?
Hai, sō desu Yes, it is.
Iie, sō dewa arimasen. No, it isn’t.
3. Kore wa hon dewa arimasen. This isn’t a book.
4. Kore wa hon dewa arimasen ka. Isn’t this a book ?
5. Are mo hon desu ka. Is that also a book ?
6. Kore wa nan desu ka. What is this ?
( Sore wa ) Nōto desu. ( That is ) a notebook.
7. Kore wa hon desu ka, nōto desu ka. Is this a book or a notebook ?
( Sore wa ) hon desu. ( That is ) a book.
8. Kore wa watashi no hon desu. This is my book.
9. Sore wa anata no nõto desu ka. Is that your notebook ?
10. Kore wa dare no nõto desu ka. Whose notebook is this ?
( Sore wa ) Tanaka san no ( nōto ) desu. ( That is ) Mr. Tanaka’s ( notebook )
11. Dore ga watashi no ( nōto ) desu. Which is mine ? ( my notebook )
12. Kore wa hon de sore wa jisho desu. This is a book, and that is a dictionary.
13. Kyō wa getsuyōbi de ashita wa kayōbi desu. Today is Monday, and tomorrow is Tuesday.
14. Kyō wa shogoto de ashita wa yasumi desu. Today is working day, and tomorrow is a holiday..
Grammar :
Kore - - This
Sore - - That
Are - - That over there
Dore - - Which
Note: This are demonstratives in Japanese and are always followed
by subject particle ‘wa’ ( in case of interrogative demonstrative,
always ‘ga’ ). Their use depends on the distance of the
object from the speaker
Desu - - is, are
Note : It is the copula and always used at the end of a sentence after a
object from the speaker
Desu - - is, are
Note : It is the copula and always used at the end of a sentence after a
noun or adjective. Negative form of ‘desu’ is dewa arimasen.
Two sentences ending with noun + ‘desu’ are joined by converting
‘desu’ into ‘de’.
PARTICLES wa / ga ( all particles in Japanese are post positional )
These are subject particles and each subject in a sentence must be followed by ‘wa’
( ‘ga’ is used for more emphasis as in case of interrogative words as subject ).
( ‘ga’ is used for more emphasis as in case of interrogative words as subject ).
mo - - also, too. “mo” replaces subject particle ‘wa’ or ‘ga’. “mo” is a particle which adds the
sense of also, too. Unlike the English word too, “mo” is not added but takes the place of “wa”as in the following
sense of also, too. Unlike the English word too, “mo” is not added but takes the place of “wa”as in the following
sentences :
1. Kono hito wa gakusei desu. This person is a student.
Kono hito mo gakusei desu. This person is also a student.
2. Ogawa san wa Nihongo no sensei desu. Mr. Ogawa is a Japanese language teacher.
Yataki-san mo Nihongo no sensei desu. Mr. Yataki is also a Japanese language teacher.
“mo” is also used in a negative sentence as in the following sentences :
1. Kore wa jibiki dewa arimasen. This is not a dictionary.
Sore mo jibiki dewa arimasen. That is not a dictionary either.
2. Yamada san wa koomuin dewa arimasen. Miss Yamada is not a government employee.
Ikeda san mo koomuin dewa arimasen. Miss Ikeda is not a government employee either.
no - - ‘s ( possessive ) No is used between 2 nouns where the former modifies the latter, i. e.
watashi no ( mine ) dare no ( whose ). Noun following ‘no’ may be dropped if the object in
question is in front of the speaker and listener or known by both.
ka - - interrogative particle. An interrogative sentence must end in ‘ka’.
Try the following replacements using the word inside the parenthesis :
1. Kore wa _________________ desu ka.
( kamera / isu / kaban )
Hai sō desu. / Iie sõ dewa arimasen.
2. Sore wa _____________________________ no kaban desu ka.
( anata / watashi / Suzuki san / dare )
3. Are wa nan desu ka. ________________________ desu.
( tokei / kaban / jisho / shinbun )
4. Kore wa _______________ desu ka, ___________ desu ka.
hon / jisho
empitsu / pen
shinbun / zasshi
Other demonstratives :
A. Koko ( wa ) - this place
Soko ( wa ) - that place
Asoko ( wa ) - that place (over there)
Doko ( ga ) - where ( which place
Note : This set of demonstratives is exclusively used for place and their application
is same a ‘kore’ ‘sore’ ‘are’ ‘dore’, except that the noun used is also invariably
related to a place.
Examples :
1. Koko wa jimusho desu. This is an ( the) office.
2. Soko wa toire desu. That is the toilet.
3. Asoko wa nan desu ka What is that place ?
4. Doko ga Sony no mise desu ka. Where is Sony’s shop ?
B. Kochira – This way, this side
Sochira – That way, that side
Achira – There, over there
Dochira – Where, which side
Note : This set of demonstratives is primarily used for direction and their application
is the same as a above mentioned two sets of demonstratives. This set has wider
application such as it can be used in place of ‘koko’ , ‘soko’, ‘asoko’, ‘doko’, but in
such a case this set is more polite, and it can be used for introducing a person
pointing towards the direction he/ she is sitting or standing or when asking or showing
the direction to a senior person.
Examples :
1. Toire wa dochira desu ka. Where is the toilet ? ( this side/ that side )
Achira desu Over there.
( kochira / achira ) ( this side / that side. )
2. Kochira wa Yamada san desu. This side is Mr. Yamada.
( kochira / achira ) ( that side / overthere )
3. kono – this
Sono – that
Ano – that one overthere
Dono – Which one
Note : This set of demonstratives has exactly same meaning as ‘kore’, ‘sore’, ‘are’,
‘dore’ except that this set much be followed by a noun then the particle ‘wa’ or ‘ga’
as the case maybe.
Examples :
1. Kono hon wa watashi no ( hon ) desu. This book is mine. ( my book )
2. Sono kaban wa dare no ( kaban ) desu ka. Whose bag is that ?
3. Ano uchi wa Yamada san no (uchi) desu ka. Is that house over there Mr.Yamada’s (house)?
4. Dono kasa ga anata no (kasa desu ka. Which one is your umbrella ?
Vocabulary words :
( Tanaka san no ) uchi – Mr. Tanaka’s house
anata – you kyōshitsu – class room
bōrupen – ball point pen māketto – market
basutei – bus stop nōto – notebook
dare – who nan – what
denwa – telephone pen – pen
depāto – department store resutoran – restaurant
eki – station sō – so
empitsu – pencil sūpā – supermarket
hai – yes san – Mr. , Ms.
hon – book senpūki – fan
iie – no shinbun – newspaper
isu – chair tabako – cigarette
jisho – dictionary terebi – T.V.
kūkō – airport tokei – watch, clock
kaban – bag tokeiya – watchmaker
kaisha – company tokoya – barber
kamera – camera tsukue – table, desk
kuruma – car uketsuke – reception
uriba – counter watashi – I
yaoya – vegetable store zasshi – magazine
No comments:
Post a Comment