Vocabulary words : Country People
hata – flag Doitsu – Germany Doitsujin – German
hako – box Kanada – Canada Kanada jin – Canadian
neko – cat Chugoku – China Chugoku jin – Chinese
uchi / ie – house Indo – India Indojin – Indian
Roshia – Russia Roshiajin – Russian
The Parts of the body :
karada – body koshi – hips atama – head
ude – arms kao – face ke – hair
hana – nose te – hands kuchi – mouth
hiza – knees hoho – cheeks kubi – neck
hitai – forehead tekubi – wrist me – eyes
ashi – legs ( foot ) ago – chin kata – shoulders
mimi – ears kuchibiro – lips hifu – skin
senaka – back hige – beard wakinoshita – armpit
mayuge – eyebrow shita – tongue mune – chest
kakato – heels hara – stomach yubi – fingers
ha – tooth chi – blood hone – bone
iki – breath tsume – fingernails noo – brain
shinzoo – heart hai – lung chichi – breast
STUDY OF THE FIVE W’s
Who, what, where, when and why or the 5 W’s in the English language are used in asking questions. The same principles and uses in asking questions in Nihongo and the ka is used in place of a question mark.
1. dare – who 3. doko – where 5. doshite / naze – why
2. nani ( nan ) – what 4. itsu – when
Examples :
1. Dare desu ka or donata desu ka. Who are you ? ( donata more polite than dare.
2. Nan desu ka. What is it ?
3. Nani ga arimasu ka. What is there or What have you ?
4. Doko desu ka. Where is it ?
5. Kare / Kanojo wa doko ni imasu ka. Where is he / she ?
6. Doshite kimasu ka. Why do you come ?
7. Itsu kimasu ka / itsu ikimasu ka. When do you come ? / When do you go ?
Exercises :
1. Hon wa doko ni imasu ka. Where are the book ?
2. Ano hito wa dare desu ka. Who is that man ?
3. Anata wa doko ni ikimasu ka. Where are you going ?
4. Kutsu wa doko ni arimasu ka. Where are the shoes ?
5. Kami wa doko ni arimasu ka. Where is the paper ?
6. Ringo wa doko ni imasu ka. Where are the apples ?
7. Kaban wa doko ni imasu ka. Where is the bag ?
New words :
1. kago – basket 7. heya – room 13. omoi – heavy
2. hako – box 8. ringo – apple 14. nimots’(nimotsu) – baggage, luggage
3. mado – window 9. mikan – orange 15. kaban – bag, brief case, traveling bag
4. mizu – water 10. donata no – whose 16. ts’tsumi ( tsutsumi ) – a package, a bundle
5. kutsu – shoes 11. okii – large, big 17. shobai – business, trade, profession
6. ki – tree 12. chisaii – small, tiny 18. karui – light ( in weight )
Lesson 3 : PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Singular form Plural form
1. watashi – I watakushidomo / watashi tachi – we
2. anata – you anata tachi / anata gata – you
3. kare – he karera – they
kanojo – she kanojo tachi – they
Possessive pronouns : Use no to show possession after the personal pronouns :
watashi no – my watashi tachi no – our
anata no – your anata tachi no/ anata gata no – your
kare no – his karera no – their
kanojo no – her kanojo tachi no – their
Note:
1. “tachi” or “ra” means plural in number.
2. “karera” is used when referring to a group composed of males and females. “karera” being the plural male form of “he” ( they ) naturally dominate and encompasses “kanojo” ( they for females ).
Vocabulary words
hoteru – hotel shumi – hobby kuruma – car
sekken – soap zasshi – magazine shimbun – newspaper
byooin – hospital tomodachi – friend kabe – wall
kaisha – company, office eiga – movie hankachi – handkerchief
tokei – watch saifu – wallet kaaten – curtain
doa – door kuuraa – air conditioner
Examples : “no” used as possessive adjective
1. Kore wa anata no sekken desu. This is your soap.
2. Are wa watashi no ie desu. That is my house.
3. Kore wa kare no kuruma desu. This is his car.
4. Kore wa Tanaka san no kaban desu. This is Mr. Tanaka’s bag.
5. Anata no shumi wa nan desu ka. What is your hobby?
“no” used as descriptive adjective
6. Kore wa Nihon no kuruma desu. This is a Japanese car.
7. Tani san wa eigo no sensei desu. Mr. Tani is an English teacher.
8. Are wa Amerika no eiga desu ka. Is that an American movie ?
Note : The particle “no” placed between two nouns usually makes the first noun the modifier of the second noun. Thus, “watashi no tomodachi” means my friend. This no usually corresponds to “of” or ‘s.
Anata no tomodachi – your friend. Sato-san no kuruma – Mr. sato’s car
Watashi tachi no shimbun – our newspaper watashi no tokei – my watch
Common occupations
kaikei-gakari – accountant ginkoo-in – bank employee ten-in – sales clerk
eiyooshi – nutritionist kaisha-in – company employee shachoo – company president
gaikookan – diplomat isha – doctor ha-isha – dentist
kangofu – nurse taishikan-in – embassy employee gishi – engineer
jaanarisuto – journalist untenshu – driver shufu – housewife
bengoshi – lawyer iyayu – actress ongakuka – musician
danyu – actor jimu-in – office worker/ clerk kookanshu – operator (telephone)
gaka – painter keikan – policeman koomu-in – public servant
bijinesuman – businessman scholar – gakusha gakusei – student
sakka – writer hisho – secretary kankoo gaido – tour guide
gaadoman – security guard uketsukegakari – receptionist sensei / kyoshi – teacher
sojiin – cleaner (janitor) keeji – detective yosaichi – dressmaker
sejyusi – pilot syomin – merchant jitsugyoka – businessman
roodoosha – worker/ laborer hooka – farmer taiku – carpenter
bobi – waiter kasyu – singer jugjoin – employee
gyohu – fisherman romusya – laborer bengoshi – lawyer
syosetsuka – novelist shimbunkisya – journalist daijin – minister
kikaiko – mechanic
Languages:
Go – means language. It is used as a suffix in one’s country denoting his / her native language.
Chuugokugo – Chinese language Nihongo – Japanese language
Firipingo – Filipino language Eigo – English language
Kankokugo – Korean language Supeingo – Spanish language
Doitsugo – German language Indogo – Indian language
Taigo – Thai language Gaikokugo – Foreign language
Expression to tell how one looks like :
1. mitai desu – look (s) like 2. ni miemasen – do (es) not look alike
Example : 1. Anata wa Nihonjin mitai desu. You look like a Japanese.
2. Anata wa Doitsujin ni miemasen. You don’t look like a German.
Basic grammar :
1. Anata wa Kato san desu ka. Are you Mr. Kato ?
2. Hai, soo desu. Yes, I am.
3. Kore wa saifu desu ka. Is this a wallet ?
4. Iie, chigaimasu. No, it isn’t.
5. Are wa sekken desu ka. Is that a soap ?
6. Hai, soo desu. Yes, it is.
7. Kore wa nan desu ka. What is this ?
8. Kore wa hon desu ka. Is this a book
9. Iie, chigaimasu. No, it isn’t.
10. Kore isu desu ka. Is this a chair ?
11. Hai, soo desu. Yes, it is.
12. Are wa isu desu ka. Is that a chair ?
13. Iie, chigaimasu. No, it isn’t.
14. Kore wa mado desu ka. Is this a window ?
15. Iie, sore wa doa desu. No, that is a door.
Note :
“Hai soo desu”, is use to affirm a statement said by the other party. This is used in reply
only to a “be – verb”. For instance, an American is ask “Amerikajin desu ka.” The American
can affirm by answering “Hai, soo desu” or “Iie, chigaimasu” to deny the truth of a statement
said by another person. Literally, “Iie, chigaimasu” means “No, its different”.
Daily Expressions :
1. Shitsurei shimasu. / Sumimasen Excuse me.
2. Gomen nasai. / Sumimasen deshita I’m sorry.
3. Ojama itaashimasu. Sorry to disturb you.
4. Ojama itashimashita. Sorry to have disturbed you.
5. Doozo ohaire kudasai. Please come in.
6. Doozo okake kudasai. Please sit down.
7. Arigatoo gozaimasu. . Thank you. 8. Doo itashimashite. . Don’t mention it.
9. Chotto matte kudasai. Wait a moment please.
10. Koko de matte ite kudasai. Wait here till I get back.
11. Omatase itashimashita. I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
12. Sonomama omachi kudasai. Hold your line please.
13. Hanashichuu desu. Line is busy.
14. Sayoonara. Good bye.
15. Oyasumi nasai. Goodnight
16. Itte mairimasu. I’m going out or I’m leaving.
17. Itte rasshai. Good bye, have a nice time.
18. Tadaima. I am back.
19. Okaeri nasai. Welcome back.
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